Physical Science: Chemistry

Chemists are scientists who study and analyze the chemical compositions of various substances and study how they form and interact with other materials. They use advanced software, analytical tools, and other forms of instrumentation to conduct experiments and quality control tests, produce technical reports, and refine materials. There are many specialties within chemistry, including biochemistry, analytical chemistry, chemical engineering, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and physical chemistry. Chemists can work in a variety of job sectors such as academia, government, industry, and nonprofit. 

• Some job titles for entry-level positions with a bachelor's degree include Chemical Technician, Analytical Chemist, and Material Scientist. 
• Advanced specialized positions within chemistry will require a graduate degree. Some examples of job titles include Toxicologist, Biochemist, and Chemistry Instructor. 

Physical Science: Physics

Physicists study the universe and everything in it, from the very small (quantum) to the very large (cosmology). A physicist explores and identifies the basic principles that govern the structure and behavior of matter, the interaction between energy and matter, and the generation and transfer of energy. These principles can be used in both theoretical and practical areas. There are a variety of specialties within physics such as nuclear physics, geophysics, astrophysics, engineering, atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Physicists can work in a variety of job sectors such as academia, government, industry, and nonprofit. 

• Some job titles for entry-level positions with a bachelor's degree include Research Assistant, Systems Analysis, and Engineer. 
• Advanced specialized positions within physics will require a graduate degree. Some examples of job titles include Applied Physicist, Nuclear Engineer, and Astronomer.

Earth Science: Geology

Geologists are scientists who study the Earth: its history, nature, materials, and processes. There are many types of geologists: environmental geologists, who study human impact on the Earth system; and economic geologists, who explore and develop Earth's resources, are just two examples. There are also engineering geologists, structural geologists, petroleum geologists, petrologists, sedimentologists, hydrogeologists, and more. A career in geology offers broad scope to anyone interested in the Earth and how it works. Jobs in geology are found in government agencies, private companies, non-profit, and academic institutions.

• Some job titles for entry-level positions with a bachelor's degree include Geology Technician, Environmental Scientist, and GIS Technician.
• Advanced specialized positions within geology will require a graduate degree. Some examples of job titles include Seismologist, Engineering Geologist, and Mineralogist.

Life Science: Biology

A biologist is a scientist who studies living organisms, including their structure, function, evolution, behavior, interactions with each other and the environment, and the processes that govern their existence. Biologists explore the diversity of life, from the smallest microorganisms to the largest mammals and everything in between. There are a variety of specialties within biology such as cellular biology, zoology, marine biology, microbiology, and evolutionary biology. Biologists can work in a variety of job sectors such as academia, government, industry, and nonprofit. 

• Some job titles for entry-level positions with a bachelor's degree include Lab Technician, Food Scientist, and Research Assistant.
• Advanced specialized positions within biology will require a graduate degree. Some examples of job titles include Molecular Biologist, Research Scientist, and Biology Instructor.

Life Science: Ecology

Ecologists are scientists who study natural ecosystems and the organisms that live in them. They work to minimize environmental damage, conserve species, predict the impact of proposed actions on an ecosystem, design more sustainable practices, and advise organizations on ecological policies. Ecologists may work for or advise private businesses, universities, research centers, natural history museums, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies. There are a variety of specialties within ecology such as botany, invertebrate zoology, mycology, wetlands ecology, and medicinal botany.

• Some job titles for entry-level positions with a bachelor's degree include Aquatic Ecology Technician, Entomology Technician, and Ecological Field Surveyor.
• Advanced specialized positions within ecology will require a graduate degree. Some examples of job titles include Wetland Scientist, Ecologist, and Restoration Ecologist.